The basic step of extracting metals is called concentration of ores. Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. An introduction to the chemistry of metal extraction. Jul 14, 2016 this presentation steps students through extracting metals from ores as well as the recycling of aluminium as aligned with the australian year 11 chemistry. Pdf the depletion of highquality ore deposits makes it necessary to develop technologies of processing of poor or complex ores such as sideroplezite. For example, aluminium and other reactive metals are extracted by electrolysis, while iron and other less reactive metals may be extracted by reaction with carbon or carbon. Therefore, production of a variety of metals in large quantities is necessary for. Extracting metals from their ores the majority of metals do not occur native and, instead, are compounds like sulphides or oxides. Copper extraction by wet chemical method sciencedirect.
Iron, however, is removed in a blast furnace, like the one. An ore is a source of metal from which you can economically extract the metal. Dec 19, 2012 science in focus itv ch 4 schools circa 1990 2004. Hughes division of biosphere sciences, kings college london, london w8 7ah, england, and department of chemistry, kings college london, london wc2r 2ls, england i. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below carbon in the reactivity series, so therefore carbon can be used to reduce it note. Ores are invariably found in nature in contact with rocky materials. Occurrence and extraction of metals module 6 notes chemistry of elements metals and their alloys are extensively used in our daytoday life. Major steps in extraction of metal ore concentration ore is. Reactivity and extraction method secondary science 4 all. Science in focus extraction of metals s070ls01 youtube.
Metals are generally extracted by the following steps. This presentation is to help step students through the extraction of metals from ores as well as recycling aluminium in line with the australian year 11 chemistry course. The concentrated ore is first converted to an oxide after which metal extraction is done by reducing it from an oxide to metal using a suitable reducing agent. Metals extraction from sulfide ores with microorganisms. In some places, the mineral deposits in rock contain a high concentration of one metal. Oct 24, 2012 electrochemistry encyclopedia extracting metals from sulfide ores. Resources for top a1 candidates taking the 2020 singaporecambridge gce o level exam. As already mentioned only a few most unreactive metals occur in nature in free state. Australia is now an important gold producer in the world. They are used for making machines, railways, motor vehicles, bridges, buildings, agricultural tools, aircrafts, ships etc. Sulphides ores are usually converted to oxides before extraction by roasting with oxygen. Heap leaching lowgrade ores has become a major contributor to the extraction of economically important metals, notably copper and gold.
In this video, we look at how displacement reactions can be used to extract metals from their compounds looking specifically at the extraction of. Isolation of elements in chemistry class 12 aims to teach the students about various processes of extraction of metals from ores. Major ore producing areas are singhbum district bihar, balaghat. The occurrence of metals in nature is only a part of the process, these metals also have to be extracted. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o. Free pure physics, chemistry, geography and social studies revision notes.
The choice of processing routes for free milling, complex and refractory ores is discussed. Some sulphide ores undergo oxidation by air to form sulphates. Details for the extraction of aluminum, copper, iron and titanium are given in separate pages in this section. Reactivity and extraction method metals are produced when metal oxides are reduced have their oxygen removed. There are 3 main methods of extracting metals from their ore.
The other remaining minerals in an ore are denoted waste. The more reactive metals require electrolysis a technique involving electricity to achieve this. The total reserves of the ore in the country are estimated around 60 crore tonnes. Igcse extraction of metals from ores notes igcse and ial. These metals must be extracted from their ores before they can be made useful. The extraction of metals from ores using bacteria sciencedirect. Topic 4 extracting metals and equilibria obtaining and using metals 4 6 recall that the extraction of metals involves reduction of ores 4 7a explain why the method used to extract a metal from its ore is related to its position in the reactivity series and the cost of the extraction process illustrated by heating with carbon including iron. The unreactive metals are removed form their ores simply by heating. Metallurgy is the field of science which deals with the extraction of metals. This means that precious metals can be recycled instead of being produced from their ores by which we can save about 60% of the total energy spent on the purification of the ore. Minerals of ores containing metals to be extracted are denoted ore minerals. The extraction of metals from their ores has been an essential factor in the in recovering metals from their minerals is that of finding orebodies in which metal extraction of a metal from its ore.
Overview of the different methods of extraction of metals. The copper metal was obtained by reducing copper ii ions by in situ reduction. The aim of this study is to investigate the economic and technical feasibility of processing platinum group metals pgms and base metals bms from a lowgrade ore concentrate produced in the concentrator plant at lonmin pic. Methods of extraction of metals from ores chemistry. Apr 29, 2016 it is for this reason that most of the important ores of these metals occur as i oxides ii sulphides iii carbonates iv halides and v silicates.
The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct. Metal extraction the occurrence of metals in the earths crust rocks that contain a high enough percentage of a metal to be extracted commercially are known as ores. Usually, less reactive metals such as gold and silver are found in their pure form in the soil. The method involves the reduction of copper ii ions leached from copper ore. The reduction method depends on the reactivity of the metal. Gcse chemistry extraction of metals what is a metal ore. Metals, save for a few, do not occur free on the earth. These rocky or earthy impurities accompanying the ores are termed as gangue. Reduction of metals extraction from ore alevel chemistry. Most metals are found combined with other elements, as compounds in ores. The method of extraction which is most appropriate depends on the reactivity of the metal being extracted. Download this books into available format 2019 update. Oct 28, 2015 name the chief ores of copper, zinc and lead describe and explain the general methods used in the extraction of copper, zinc and lead from their ores. The most common metal ores are oxides and sulfides.
Metals and ores most metals are found combined with other elements, as compounds in ores. Most compounds are found as oxides or sulphides, but sulphides are usually converted to oxides. Crude metal from concentrated ore what is extraction of metals. Usually iron and aluminum exist as compounds, with oxygen, also known as oxides.
Notes chemistry 3 occurrence and extraction of metals module 6 chemistry of elements table 16. Some important ores type of ore metals common ores native metals gold au, silver ag. Therefore, metals are generally extracted by subjecting their ores to reduction by chemical methods or by electrolytic methods. Common metal ores include bauxite aluminium oxide, haematite iron oxide, zinc blende zinc sulphide, galena lead sulphide, and cinnabar mercury sulphide. The first steps in the production of a metal object are to extract the ore from the mine, process the ore for smelting, and then eventually smelt the ore into metal.
These compounds are called minerals and a rock which contains a mineral is known as an ore. How science is taking the luck out of gambling with adam kucharski duration. Unit 6 principles and processes of extraction of metals162. Pdf extraction of precious metal gold from electronic. Isolation of metal from the concentrated ore involves the refining of metals from the compounds it is found with to its original state. Metals extraction of metals in this gcse chemistry quiz, one of a series on metals, we look at the extraction of metals such as copper from both high grade and low grade ores. Taken as a whole the most important driving force behind production methodology is price. Join our community just now to flow with the file extraction of metals and make our shared file collection even more complete and exciting. A survey of the ways that metals can be obtained from their ores and the factors which influence the choice of method. The most important ore of zinc is mostly zinc sulphide. Unit 6 principles and processes of extraction of metals.
Metals are one of the most commonly used resource in the world. Extraction of metals from their respective ores requires. An ore is a rock that contains enough of a metal or a metal compound to make extracting the metal worthwhile. Definition of extraction of metals free physics dictionary. Metals such as zinc, nickel, tin, lead and copper need to be heated with carbon or carbon monoxide to extract them. Reduction is used to extract iron from its ore haematite which is mainly ironiii oxide. The knowledge of how to extract metals from their ores has played an incredibly important role in every known civilisation.
Notes, exercises, videos, tests and things to remember on extraction of metals. But this is not the case with more reactive iron or aluminum. Aluminium and iron are the most abundant metals in the earths crust. Ores, in which several metals are present, are denoted polymetallic. Most of the metals occur in nature in oxidized form as their compounds. Metal extraction from ores by heap leaching springerlink. Metal extraction slides share and discover knowledge on. Extraction of metals occurrence ores of some metals are very common iron, aluminium others occur only in limited quantities in selected areas ores need to be purified before being reduced to the metal this adds to the expense high grade ores are therefore cheaper to process. Each of these oxides is heated with carbon to obtain the metal.
Metals are found in the earth either as compounds or, in the case of very unreactive metals, as the crust of the uncombined element. They are reduction of the ore with carbon, reduction of the molten ore by electrolysis, and reduction of the ore with a more reactive metal. Most important ores are oxide, sulfide and carbonates metal ores aluminium bauxiteal 2 o 3 iron hematite fe 2 o 3, magnetitefe 3 o 4 mercury cinnabar hgs zinc zinc blende zns smithsonite znco 3 copper malachite cu 2 co 3 oh 2 copper pyrites cufes 2 hematite. Hydrometallurgical extraction of platinum group metals from a. Microbial ore leaching bioleaching is the process of extracting metals from ores with the use of microorganisms this method is used to recover many different precious metals like copper lead zinc gold silver and nickel microorganisms are used because they can lower the production costs.
Metals such as zinc, iron and copper are present in ores as their oxides. Notes 4 chemistry module 6 occurrence and extraction of metals chemistry of elements copper india does not have rich copper ore deposits. Extraction of metals a describe the ease of obtaining metals from their ores by relating the elements to their positions in the reactivity series recycling of metals a describe metal ores as a finite resource and hence the need to recycle metals, e. An introduction to the chemistry of metal extraction chemistry. Extracting iron and copper reactions of metals aqa.
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